Critical Perspectives on the New Cold War by Heing Bridey;

Author:Heing, Bridey;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Enslow Publishing, LLC
Published: 2018-08-27T00:00:00+00:00

“RUSSIA’S AGGRESSIVE POWER IS RESURGENT, ONLINE AND OFF,” BY FRANK J. CILLUFFO, FROM THE CONVERSATION, AUGUST 26, 2016

The Bear is back. It’s happening on the ground in and around Ukraine, inside the virtual inboxes of the Democratic National Committee and at American news organizations. Russian cyberattacks are yielding eye-popping headlines warning not only of a return to Cold War-style behavior, but of the relative decline of American capabilities and power.

The list of U.S. entities believed to have been breached by Russian hackers is long and troubling. It includes the White House, the State Department, the Defense Department, the NASDAQ stock exchange, the U.S. electrical grid and the Democratic National Committee. Russian cyberattackers have also attempted to hack the Moscow bureau of The New York Times.

As the targets have moved beyond U.S. government to key civilian institutions, there has been a good deal of speculation about possible motives. These range from a desire to influence the outcome of November’s U.S. presidential election to the broader goal of undermining U.S.-European relations.

What do we know about Russia’s capabilities, strategies and intents? And what should we know about this top-notch adversary, more advanced and stealthier than any other, so we can most effectively assess and address the prospect of a Russian threat?

A DEFT AND POWERFUL PLAYER

The United States remains a powerhouse of innovation and technological capacity. But the country is not alone when it comes to sophisticated tools and tradecraft in the cyber domain. Key players comprising Russia’s “cyber arsenal” include Russia’s foreign intelligence service (SVR), military intelligence agency (GRU), Federal Security Service (FSB), and Federal Protective Service (FSO).

Testifying before the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee earlier this year, U.S. Director of National Intelligence James Clapper noted that Russia’s cyberattacks are becoming more brazen, “based on its willingness to target critical infrastructure systems and conduct espionage operations even when detected and under increased public scrutiny.”

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, Russia’s security and intelligence services have practiced the world’s second-oldest profession using high-tech tactics. Years ago, Russia was quick to recognize and integrate the potential leverage that online tools and action could offer to military doctrine, strategy and operations. But recently Russia has been honing this model of war fighting, blending electronic and real-world power into a hybrid that is more than the sum of its parts.

The first lessons came from Russia’s 2008 conflict with neighboring Georgia. By 2013, Valery Gerasimov, chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, was laying out the Russian military doctrine for the 21st century with emphasis on “nonmilitary means” (such as political and economic actions) supported by “concealed” military efforts (such as activities undertaken by special operations troops – or cyberspace operatives). Starting in 2014, that integrated approach was used in battle with Ukraine.

Attacks directed against the United States and other countries’ governments and businesses have yielded economic and diplomatic secrets that serve to strengthen Russia’s industries and negotiating hand in matters of trade and global politics. Put bluntly, stealing the results

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